The apple tree (Malus domestica) is a deciduous tree that belongs to the Rosaceae family, commonly cultivated for its edible fruit, the apple. Here's a detailed description of the apple plant:

General Characteristics:
Size: Apple trees can range from small dwarf varieties (2–3 meters) to larger standard trees (5–12 meters) depending on the cultivar and growing conditions.
Shape: They have a rounded canopy, with spreading branches, and can grow in various forms like bushy or columnar, depending on the pruning and variety.
Bark: The bark of an apple tree is typically gray to brown with a rough texture, and it may have some scaly patches as the tree ages.
Leaves:
Shape: The leaves are simple, oval to lance-shaped, with serrated margins.
Color: They are dark green on the upper side, lighter green underneath, and may turn yellow or red in the fall before dropping.
Size: The leaves typically measure 7-12 cm (2.8-4.7 inches) in length.
Flowers:
Bloom Time: Apple trees bloom in spring, generally from March to May, depending on the climate and region.
Color: The flowers are white to pink and have five petals. The flowers grow in clusters called corymbs.
Fragrance: Apple flowers are typically fragrant, attracting pollinators such as bees.
Fruit:
Shape & Size: The apple fruit is round or slightly oval, varying in size from 5-10 cm in diameter.
Color: Apples come in a range of colors, including red, green, yellow, or a combination of these.
Taste: The flavor of the apple varies from sweet to tart, depending on the variety.
Texture: The skin is generally smooth, while the flesh can be firm or soft, juicy, and crisp, with a core containing seeds.
Roots:
The root system of an apple tree is extensive, with a deep taproot and many lateral roots. The rootstock variety can impact the growth habit and size of the tree, and it can also influence the fruit's characteristics.
Growth & Lifespan:
Apple trees can take 4-6 years to start bearing fruit after planting, although some dwarf varieties may fruit sooner.
Lifespan: They can live for several decades, with some trees still producing fruit up to 50 years or more, although fruit production may decline after 20 years.
Varieties:
There are thousands of different apple varieties worldwide, including well-known types like Red Delicious, Granny Smith, Fuji, Gala, and Golden Delicious.
Climate & Soil:
Climate: Apple trees prefer temperate climates with cold winters to ensure proper dormancy and fruit production. However, certain varieties are adapted to warmer climates.
Soil: They thrive in well-drained, fertile soils with a slightly acidic to neutral pH (around 6.0-7.0).
Care & Maintenance:
Apple trees require regular pruning to maintain shape and remove dead or diseased wood. They also need adequate water and protection from pests and diseases.
Apple trees are not just important for their fruit but also play a role in biodiversity by providing shelter for various insects and birds. They have a rich history in many cultures, symbolizing health, knowledge, and prosperity.

✅Planting And Care


✅Sunlight
Sunlight of more than 6 hours a day is ideal for flowering and fruit development of the plant.
✅Soil
The soil should be well drained, fertile and rich in organic content.
✅Watering
Poke your finger/plain small stick into the soil to check the moisture.
Apply 4 cup(approx. 200 ml) of water when the top soil (1-2 inch) in the pot feels dry to touch.
Do not overwater the plant.
As a rule of thumb, water the plants thoroughly in summer and reduce watering in winter and rainy season.
Water should be applied preferably in the morning or evening.
✅Application of Fertilizer
Before application of fertilizer loosen the topsoil without disturbing the roots of the plant so, it can uptake the nutrients and moisture easily.
Apply organic fertilizer once a month during the main growing season (December-February)
Apply water immediately after application of fertilizer.
✅Re-potting
When a plant outgrows in current pot, re-pot with fresh potting soil and some fertilizer.
Do the re-potting late evening and keep the plant in shady area for 2 to 3 days and then move the plant in its suitable climatic condition.
✅Plant Protection
Remove dead, infected or damaged plant parts and discard them away from the plants.
For any insect attack or disease, you can use Neem oil, Eucalyptus oil or Citrus oil spray for primary treatment.
✅Don’ts
Do not over-water the plant especially when pot does not have drainage holes.